Differential pressure type flow meters head flow metersmeasure flow rate by introducing a constriction in. All three use a constriction in the flow path like an orifice plate to cause a pressure drop across the meter that can be measured and correlated with flow rate. To determine the coefficient of discharge of the orifice meter 1. Energy losses through venturi, orifice, and rotameter flowmeters. Laminar and turbulent pipe flow lab report objectives following are two objectives of this experiment 1. Pdf che241 lab report flowmeter measurement apparatus. The measured pressure drop across the orifice is related to the flow rate by means of an orifice coefficient, which accounts for friction, as defined in the next section of this report. As liquid flows through the pipe, the flow suddenly contracts as it approaches the orifice and then suddenly expands after the orifice back to the full pipe diameter. Centre of pressure, proof of bernoullis theorem, flow through venturimeter, flow through orifice, flow through mouthpiece, flow over vnotch, flow over sharp crested. Orifices may have any shape, although they are usually round, square, or rectangular. Allow water to flow through the orifice and note the maximum head over the orifice that permits the water jet to flow into the measuring tank. Air mass flow rate measurement northeastern university.
This report presents a comprehensive analysis of the discharge characteristics of triangularnotch, thinplated weirs. Che241 lab report flowmeter measurement apparatus fm101 2015. Fluid mechanics lab report ced, uetp muhammad bilal. Pipe flow measurement with a differential pressure flow. Discharge coefficient performance of venturi, standard. Daniel measurement and control white paperapplication of the orifice meter for accurate gas flow measurement page 1 summary the most common device used in gas flow measurement is the orifice flow meter. Orifice meter is another simple device used for the measuring the discharge through pipes, orifice meter also works on the same principle as that of venturi meter i. To compare the theoretical and experimental friction head losses in pipe flow. To compare the reynolds number and darcy friction coefficient 2. Orifice discharge into free air an orifice is an opening with a closed perimeter through which water flows. The flow rate measurement system should also be able to provide a maximum air mass flow rate.
Use the rule of thumb to estimate the pressure drop across the elbow. Discharge coefficients of squareedged orifices for. In the case of a sharpedged orifice, the effective diameter is 0. Meters are rugged, mechanically simple, and well suited for field use under extreme weather conditions. In this experiment, you will investigate fluid flow in a pipe network and will explore several methods rotameter, orifice and venturi meters for measurement of the. Ae 341 fluid mechanics laboratory name of experiment. Fm 308 flow measurement by venturi and orifice meter objectives. As general requirements, the flow rate measurement system should be able to operate with maximum inlet pressure of 100 psig at room temperature. Flow through venturi meter background and theory introduction flow meters are used in the industry to measure the volumetric flow rate of fluids. Calibration of an orifice plate flowmeter mechanical engineering department king saud university riyadh submitted by. Venturi meter and orifice plate effects are two main and very important phenomenas in fuild mechanics sub field of mechanical engineering. As the flow area in a pipe decreases, the flow velocity that is accompanied by a. As shown in the figure, the jet narrows over a short distance beyond the orifice that is comparable with the jet diameter to form what.
Differential pressure type flow meters head flow metersmeasure flow rate by introducing a constriction in the flow. The concentric orifice plate flow meter reduces the pressure by forcing the fluid through a thin plated circular opening smaller than the pipe diameter. Venturi meter and orifice meter are the commonly used flow meters for measuring massvolumetric flow rate or velocity of the flowing fluid. View lab report flow through an orifacemadril from ae 341 at san diego state university. Pdf flow through an orifice rajkumarsingh mondatta. Daniel measurement and control white paperstheoretical uncertainty of orifice flow measurement page 1 introduction orifice meters are the most common meters used for fluid flow measurement, especially for measuring hydrocarbons. If the geometric properties of the orifice and the inherent properties of the fluid are known, the orifice can be used. See details of the equation that applies to all three and gives flow rate as a. All valves were closed except those that will let the water flows from the tank to section orifice plate and return back to the tank. The principle of venturimeter is that when a fluid flows through the venturimeter, it accelerates in the convergent section and decelerates in the divergent section, resulting in a drop in.
Fluids lab report 6 experiment no 6 orifice and free jet. An orifice meter consists of a flat plate that has a sharpedged hole accurately machined in it and placed concentrically in a pipe as shown in figure 12. Venturimeter is the most widely used device to measure the discharge through the pipe. A simple sharpedged orifice demonstration for the fluid. Jet trajectory and orifice flow typical work assignments head and flow this experiment asks the students to test a nozzle at a range of. A venturi is a convergingdiverging nozzle of circular crosssection. Fluid flow introduction fluid flow is an important part of many processes, including transporting materials from one point to another, mixing of materials, and chemical reactions. To change the level in the tank and so the head on the orifice, students adjust the flow to the diffuser. Discharge characteristics of triangularnotch thinplate weirs. Energy losses through venturi, orifice, and rotameter. The discharge will depend up on the head of the fluid h above the level of the orifice. Determining the coefficient of discharge for a draining. An orifice is an opening, of any size or shape, in a pipe or at the bottom or side wall of a container water tank, reservoir, etc.
This chart should also produce an average value for the discharge coeffi cient cd. Remove the orifice diameter, take care not to lose the o. Flow through an orifacemadril ae 341 fluid mechanics. An orifice is an opening in the side or base of tank or reservoir through which fluid is discharge in the form of a jet. Divide this head to approximately 7 steps of readings. The vcone flow meter has a cone shaped obstruction in. This is best done by setting up a steadystate condition in which you are filling and emptying the tank at the same rate, so that the flow meter on the tank inlet is telling you what is. The flow of a fluid jet out of a sharpedged orifice rarely has the same area as the orifice due to a fluid flow phenomenon known as the vena contracta.
It is capable of very accurate measurement provided it is properly applied, designed, installed, maintained and interpreted. Inlet and throat diameters of the orifice plate were recorded. Flow through an orifice university of texas at austin. The area of a fluid jet out of an orifice is related to the actual area of the orifice by a value known as the coefficient of. Orifice flow calculation data sheet calculating an orifice diameter it is difficult to accurately calculate the flow of a gas or liquid through a tiny orifice due to the effect of the leading edge of the orifice. An orifice is an opening with a closed perimeter through which water flows. Extract of sample civil engineering level 1 fluid mechanics lab report oriphis and free jet flow introduction orifice is a term used for a small hole or opening in a. It allows students to experiment with flow, coefficients and contraction of a vertical jet of water passing through a sharpedged circular orifice. In this post the effect of venturi meter and orifice plate on the fluid flow will be disciussed and complete work will be presented in the form of report. Like the venturi meter, the pressure difference varies directly with the flow rate. Fm 308 flow measurement by venturi and orifice meter. Although students are motivated differently, have different preferences for how they learn and. The direction of flow through the orifice can be horizontal, vertical, or inclined. The tecquipment flow through an orifice h4 fits onto either of tecquipments hydraulic benches.
The orifice flow meter, flow nozzle meter, and venturi meter are three commonly used types of differential pressure meter for pipe flow measurement. Q discharge, ft 3 s m 3 s c coefficient of discharge. The jet that leaves the orifice discharges into the hydraulic bench measuring tank. Regulate the inlet valve to obtain a constant head h w over the orifice. Each of these meters operates on the similar principle. Civil engineering level 1 fluid mechanics lab report. To find the coefficient of discharge for orifice meter. This lab manual mainly deals with the common and universal laboratory tests of fluid water. This orifice plate creates a measurable pressure difference between its upstream and downstream sides. Discharge through a sharpedged orifice may be calculated from. Position the reservoir across the channel on the top of the hydraulic bench and level the reservoir by the adjustable feet using a spirit level on the base. The orifice meter, the nozzle meter, and the venturi meter are the most common devices used to measure the instantaneous flowrate. To find the coefficient of discharge for venturi meter.
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